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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso uses precision pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the coffee and espresso maker we love. How does it work exactly?

small espresso machine is produced by pushing hot water under high pressure through finely-ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee. However, it is the pressure that makes the main difference.

The Group Head

The group head is the portafilter is inserted when you are making espresso. It is responsible for dispersing water into the portafilter and controlling the pressure of the resulting extraction. There are many different types of group heads, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some are designed for the stability of temperature while some are designed to handle pre-infusion. Some are designed to control the lever. Some have a combination, such as the E61. This is a preferred choice for baristas since it provides multiple advantages in one package.

As you can see in the above image the group head is made up of several notches to place your portafilter and twist it by hand to secure it. There is also a rubber gasket which is located inside the notches and helps create a seal when you insert your portafilter into the machine. The notches on the head permit an exact location of the portafilter which is essential for a consistent extraction.

Aside from allowing you to easily place your portafilter in, the group head is also responsible for maintaining an even temperature. This is achieved by cycling hot water around the portafilter, and through the brew basin, ensuring that the temperature is always at the right level for extraction. It is important to realize that even a slight difference can make the difference between a decent and a great retro espresso maker.

The Pump

The motorized pumps that are used in rotary espresso machines supply the nine atmospheric bar pressure needed to extract espresso. This differs from manual piston machines that rely on a lever. This pressure builds up by removing tap water from a reservoir and pumping it through a heat exchanger prior it is shot through the ground coffee in the group head.

Pumps tend to be less expensive than piston-driven machines, and they tend to last longer, but both types of machines can degrade with overuse and insufficient cleaning. Pumps are also more complex mechanically, which can increase prices of even simpler models.

Some espresso machines make use of steam pressure instead of a pump to make espresso. This can cause over-extraction because the boiler that produces steam also heats the water until it comes to a boil. The machines also need to continuously rebuild their pressure between cups. This requires energy and time.

Many espresso machines make use of an rotary or vibrating pump, which has a vibration model that uses a vibrating disc to create pressure, and the rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds at high speed. Both machines can make excellent professional espresso machine for home but rotary machines are more quiet, durable and less likely to break.

The Boiler

The boiler heats the water to the right temperature to extract. The steam that is created will eventually reach the portafilter, which holds the espresso grounds. It is then funneled into the cup. During this process the steam generates enough pressure to push the grounds of the coffee through. This creates a layer crema on top. This is a sign of a great espresso.

There are three types of espresso makers, and they differ in the kind of pump they use and how hot the coffee is. There are different ways that the brew can be controlled and the dimensions of the cup the maker can create.

The first espresso machines were steam type. The earliest travel espresso Maker machines were steam-type machines. This resulted in the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. The modern espresso machine was designed by the Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most popular espresso machine is a semiautomatic with an electric pump. This is what people envision when they think of an espresso maker. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp your beans yourself while the pump controls the water flow and pressure. This is an excellent compromise between human touch and the mechanized accuracy.

The Filter

Typically, espresso machines utilize filters that separate the coffee grounds as they pass through the hot water. The filter is also an essential component of the machine's temperature control, since it helps to prevent overheating.

A filter also improves flavor because it allows for an extended flowering time. This allows the beans to release their flavors, and allows for a better extraction.

It is important to keep in mind that even the finest filter can make a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans and the extraction process, remain crucial.

This is where the magic happens. It's what makes an espresso really taste good. The grouphead, also referred to as the brewhead, is where the portafilter (the thingy you put the ground coffee in) is located when you're making retro espresso machine.

In an espresso machine that is driven by steam, hot water is heated in an airtight tank to create steam, which then pushes the hot water through the grounds at a high pressure. These machines are cheaper and are easier for the user to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited in their ability to create the ideal conditions for brewing, as they operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air pump-driven espresso machines have become more popular. They use an air compressor to push hot water through the grounds and are much more portable than steam-driven electric machines.